While dependents are great when filing taxes, they are way less beneficial to have as team members. Instead of providing a nice tax break, overly dependent team members seek constant approval, require guidance for simple tasks, and avoid making decisions they are qualified to do. This constant need for external support results in ordinary tasks taking copious amounts of time, ultimately decreasing team productivity. While it’s natural for employees to seek guidance, too much reliance on direction from managers can affect individual and team performance. The challenge for managers is how to transform these dependents into self-sufficient team members who are confident in their abilities. 

When managing an overly dependent team member it’s crucial to consider the root cause of their over-reliance. The main causes of manager dependency include micromanagement, lack of confidence, inexperience, and fear of consequences. 

Employees who have experienced a micromanager on their previous team may lack exposure to functioning autonomously. While their frequent seeking of approval is exhausting on this team, it was the norm on their previous team. Similarly, it’s important to reflect on personal management styles to ensure micromanagement isn’t occurring. Managers often struggle to delegate tasks and allow team members to take ownership of their work. Reflect to ensure delegation strategies are implemented throughout the team. 

If a team member joined the team with little to no prior experience, they may still receive treatment like the ‘newbie’ despite working on the team for a considerable time. Reflect on management styles with this employee to ensure they are treated appropriately.

Team members also may be dependent due to a lack of confidence. Doubting their abilities leads employees to seek additional reassurance when completing tasks or making decisions because they believe this will prevent errors or failure. While they have good intentions of avoiding mistakes, this can create a cycle of continued dependency ultimately decreasing productivity. 

Lacking confidence can manifest as a result of poor psychological safety. Creating a safe space for employees to make mistakes and receive constructive feedback works to build confidence and allow team members to feel comfortable taking educated risks. 

In certain situations, new or inexperienced team members might lack exposure to specific tasks they are responsible for completing. This lack of prior knowledge can lead them to seek additional guidance when carrying out the tasks. To promote more autonomy for team members with limited experience, provide clear directions and expectations for their assigned tasks. Additionally, provide resources they can refer to throughout the task and develop mechanisms for them to get more structured feedback while progressing through the assignment. 

A workplace culture that heavily scrutinizes and penalizes mistakes can develop dependent tendencies within teams. This overemphasis on failure avoidance and perfection may prevent team members from taking risks or frequently seeking approval. When employees feel a mistake could lead to repercussions such as disciplinary action or criticism, they become more risk-averse. Furthermore, this fear of consequences can stifle innovation due avoidance of innovative yet, risky solutions. 

After considering what is contributing to team members dependency, managers must develop strategies to progressively decrease dependent behaviors. 

1. Slowly Increase Responsibility– progressively allowing team members to gain responsibility will signal trust in their capabilities. Slowly increase their responsibility through delegating more significant tasks overtime to build confidence and competence. Tasking them with more responsibility will allow them to feel more capable and have an increase since of ownership over their work. Break down milestones and deadlines into smaller, more achievable goals. When each goal is achieved, make sure to celebrate their successes to continue to develop self-assurance. 

2. Provide Clear Directions– when communicating tasks or how to get feedback, make sure to provide specific instructions. Reliance on management can arise when team members are unsure of the directions they are given and consequently ask a lot of questions. To prevent this constant bombardment of inquiries and reassurance, articulate tasks thoroughly. This can be achieved through demonstrating examples, asking if they have initial questions, and providing resources they can utilize when they encounter difficulties. The goal is to provide sufficient information, so they don’t need further guidance. 

3. Establish Boundaries– team member should know when they are empowered to make their own decisions. Discuss clear boundaries so employees know when to seek approval from management and when they are encouraged to be independent. To better establish when team members can seek support, set up regular meetings to discuss concerns and relevant questions. Creating a set time to provide assistance will prevent them from seeking out guidance throughout the day. Over time, these meetings can decrease in frequency as the employee becomes more confident and autonomous. 

4. Accept Mistakes– throughout this process of developing independence it is crucial for managers to accept mistakes. Although mistakes may occur more often due to the less frequent clarifications, the dependent employee will become better at working independently over time. Being hypercritical of mistakes when trying to boost confidence is counterproductive. Provide constructive feedback and make sure to celebrate successes. Not only should managers being accepting of mistakes, but it is important to foster this acceptance of mistakes in the dependent employee as well. Work to help them develop a growth mindset, so they start seeing setbacks as opportunities. 

Working to reduce dependency can be a challenging initiative. Even with increasing responsibilities, communicating clear directions, establishing boundaries, and developing a safe place to make mistakes, team members may still struggle to become more independent. Recognize that each employee is different so different strategies may need to be utilized to coach them towards independence. If consistent issues arise, seek advice from mentors who have experienced similar challenges to learn about successful strategies they have utilized. 

Throughout this process of increasing independence, remember that team members won’t become autonomous overnight. Working to change their natural habits will require patience and guidance. Help theme to take small steps each day to become more confident completing tasks on their own. 

Managers appreciate having a “high-performing” star employee who consistently exceeds expectations and is highly motivated. An equally valuable, but often overlooked team member is the “silent star”. This individual is also a high performer consistently driving exceptional results, but they are more introverted and less visible in team interactions. While these silent stars may thrive individually, their introverted tendencies can pose challenges in team settings that rely heavily on collaboration. Given their heavy contributions to the team, it's crucial for managers to find a balance between supporting individual productivity and team cohesion 

With silent stars being less vocal about their contributions to the team, it can prove difficult for managers to identify which individuals are truly creating this positive impact. Identifying these employees takes a strong awareness of performance metrics and behavioral patterns. Managers should look beyond vocal participation and pay close attention to consistency, quality, and impact of individuals' work. A strategy to help determine the silent star is to utilize performance measurement software to gain insights into individual team members' contributions and progress toward goals. Additionally, regular performance reviews and observing how team members engage in smaller or more controlled environments may also lead to a greater understanding of which individuals are heavily contributing under the radar. 

Managers may also find a crowdsourcing approach as a more involved approach to determining silent stars. Speaking with team members and others throughout the organization asking them to nominate peers who are strong contributors and don’t receive sufficient recognition from management. Once identified by peers, managers can speak one-on-one to the silent stars and learn about their contributions to the team. 

These individuals are the top talent on the team, but if they feel unrecognized they may leave for an organization that will value them more. One of the main reasons employees quit their jobs is insufficient recognition and appreciation, so managers must actively ensure these silent stars feel valued within their team. Silent stars are often willing to take on thankless tasks within the team and won’t publicize their successes to the team. Despite these behind-the-scenes contributions, they aren’t content with anonymity and this lack of recognition can cause them to disengage from the team over time. 

Managers should make a conscious effort to recognize these employees both in private and in public. Praising contributions privately through email or even a one-on-one conversation to thank them for their work can go a long way. Make sure to publicly recognize employees as well, specifically to other managers and executives so these silent stars know that their work isn’t going unnoticed. Recognizing these efforts not only signals that managers are noticing their contributions it can also boost confidence ultimately encouraging them to be more vocal within the team. 

Along with recognizing their talents, increasing their responsibilities within the team can demonstrate that their work is appreciated. Managers should assign the silent stars to high-impact projects that align with their skill set. This provides the silent stars opportunities to take ownership of their work and encourages them to take on leadership in areas which they feel more comfortable. Ensure that with this increased responsibility they are also given resources that they need to support them in this new role. 

Offering specific training opportunities to support their professional development is another way to recognize and support silent stars. Silent stars may be less inclined to pursue professional development opportunities or situations outside of their comfort zone to grow their skill set. Providing online courses, one-on-one mentoring, or horizontal mentorship opportunities are all great ways to facilitate professional growth. Additionally, it may be beneficial to encourage them to pursue additional certifications to enhance their individual contributions. Providing these training opportunities can be a subtle yet effective way to support silent stars and appreciate the value they bring to the team.

Silent stars may be quieter in team settings due to a lack of psychological safety. It is important to ensure that they have a safe and comfortable environment at work. Managers should create a culture in which all team members feel they can share their ideas free from judgement. Silent stars may be more hesitant to contribute to group meetings, so providing them more time to prepare for meetings or placing them in smaller group settings can increase their psychological safety. Focusing on improving psychological safety may help these silent stars be less silent. 

Work to develop a relationship in one-on-one settings through monthly conversations. Establishing a relationship with silent stars takes a conscious effort and intentional actions. Since they may not engage in personal conversations as frequently as other team members, it is important to reach out to build this relationship. Regular check-ins to discuss their progress with their work and their life outside of work is a great way for managers to gain insights into the motivations of these silent stars. 

Recognizing and supporting silent stars is crucial for creating a balanced and high-performing team. Although these introverted team members may not highlight their contributions, their consistently high performance has a significant impact on the team’s success. Managers must work to identify these under-recognized team members through careful observation and performance metrics. By praising silent stars, increasing their responsibilities, creating development opportunities, fostering psychological safety, and building relationships with silent stars, managers can ensure that they feel valued and appreciated. Acknowledging and supporting silent stars will not only boost their motivations but also retain these top performers who might otherwise go unnoticed. 

Having an extremely high-performing “rockstar” employee who consistently exceeds expectations is a key asset to a team's success. However, what happens when these top performers have bad attitudes? Regardless of their great contributions, their difficult behavior can be detrimental to the team’s morale and create friction. For managers, the challenge is balancing the value of these influential team members while also fostering a positive workplace culture.

While an employee may be a ‘high performer’, poor behavior constitutes underperformance in their role and can lead to more significant negative effects on the rest of the team. Over time, other team members may question why this poor behavior is tolerated and cause resentment towards management for failing to address such attitudes. Overall, the high performance of an individual can outweigh their positive contributions to the team, ultimately providing a net negative impact on the organization as a whole. 

Given the large implications a negative employee can have on a team, it’s important to navigate these challenges appropriately. Approaching the situation without a presumption of malintent is a critical component to ensuring the employee doesn’t develop a defensive attitude, ultimately hindering a productive conversation. The toxic team member may not be aware of their poor attitude and the implications of their actions on the team as a whole. Facilitating an open and honest discussion about their attitude and strategies to improve is crucial to productively addressing concerns. 

Here are some strategies for navigating this conversation and devising an improvement plan: 

When initiating a conversation about a poor attitude it is important to focus on the specific problem at hand. Similar to a performance review, identify specific instances in which they ‘underperformed’ and avoid generalizations. Not referencing specific examples may not properly communicate what needs to be adjusted. 

If the poor behavior is a more recent development, see if there is an underlying source for this negative mindset. The team member might be experiencing challenges in their personal or professional life that are causing them to take out their frustrations on the team. Make sure to actively listen to the challenges they are facing and be prepared to help workshop solutions to any difficulties they have within the workplace. Team members are more likely to communicate concerns if they believe management will take their feedback into consideration and work towards solutions. 

After identifying the problem, setting clear expectations for further improvement and how adjustments to their attitude will have a positive impact on the team. Not only will a good attitude improve their performance, but will create a more positive workplace culture. Outline specific behavioral expectations including maintaining respect, collaborating with peers, and fostering a positive work environment. 

When communicating expectations, emphasize they are non-negotiable aspects of their role and are imperative to future success within the firm. By establishing that performance isn’t solely measured based on contributions but also by their attitude and interactions, managers can effectively set the tone for acceptable behavior. Overall, setting clear expectations provides a structure of behavior accountability while also recognizing the employee’s contributions. 

Collaborate on an action plan with specific steps they can take to improve their attitude. This communicates the importance of making changes and provides actionable implementation steps. Within this action plan, discuss strategies to shift their negative behavior to more positive alternatives such as productive outlets.

Negative behavior can often manifest due to frustrations that the toxic team member has with others on their team. Providing them with a productive outlet for negativity can work to redirect their emotions to positive solutions. An example of a productive outlet may be creating solutions for a team member who consistently voices frustrations to communicate their concerns directly with management.

Even with strategies in mind, it can be difficult to determine the best ways to handle a toxic team member. Discussing solutions with human resources can help gain an additional perspective on the situation and provide insights on alternative solutions with the firm. Other resources such as horizontal mentorship groups can give leaders a community to discuss these challenges and hear how other leaders handled similar situations. 

In addition to reaching out for support, proactively addressing poor behavior is a key preventative measure to reduce negative behavior in the workplace. Address concerning behavior immediately when it occurs or soon after to prevent continued issues. Waiting for individuals to adjust their behavior on their own accord often doesn’t work and allows for the negativity to continue. Furthermore, proactively addressing problems communicates that this behavior isn’t tolerated on the team nor within the firm, regardless of an employee's output. 

Proactively addressing poor behavior may also manifest through creating mechanisms for team members to share concerning experiences with other team members. Ensure all team members feel comfortable reporting behavioral issues and have the correct resources to communicate such concerns. 

While high performers may create a lot of value on a team, if they create a toxic environment they may be doing more harm than good. Addressing the problem and providing opportunities for growth gives them a chance to reflect on their behavior and make changes. However, if a team member is unable to adjust their attitude, consider alternative solutions including removal from the team. Even if a team member is a ‘rockstar’, they aren’t worth compromising the team as a whole. 

Luke is a dedicated team member, consistently performing well on his assigned tasks and developing strong working relationships with others on the team. Despite his exceptional performance, whenever his manager, Sarah, proposes opportunities for professional development he seems disinterested. Propositions for advancement through paid company programs for further education and conversations about future positions are frequently met with little enthusiasm. 

Sarah has worked closely with Luke for a number of years and wants to elevate Luke to the next level. Although Luke is a high performer, he needs to complete specific trainings in order to be considered for higher positions. With an opening for a position Luke would be well suited for, Sarah wants to motivate Luke to pursue development opportunities that would equip him for the role. 

While Luke is the ideal candidate and the company would prefer internal promotions, Sarah wonders if encouraging Luke to pursue a higher role is the best decision. Additionally, if Luke does transition to a new role, Sarah’s team would lose a valuable part of their team. As Luke has demonstrated disinterest in further advancement in the past, would he underperform if placed in this position? 

As a manager with vested interests in the success of their team members, it can be challenging to navigate situations where team members are disinterested in further advancement. Encouraging them to reach their full potential and pursue higher positions may appear to be the best solution, but an external hire might be more enthusiastic and well suited for the role. With such a complex situation at hand, Sarah must devise an approach to support Luke while also determining how to best fill the open position. She recognizes that some people have different Work Orientations and while some people are career oriented, meaning they are motivated by professional growth and learning new skills, not everyone is.

It’s essential to understand what motivates an employee and where they want their career to go. Some employees may have personal reasons for wanting to remain in their current position. Others might simply be comfortable with in their current role and have no desire for an increase in responsibility. 

Employees may also seem disinterested in further advancement due to fear of failure. Fear of failure is often a huge deterrent for individuals within their professional career. Loss aversion is a cognitive bias that describes ones nature to be more inclined to avoid the pain of losing or failing thus deterring them from potential success or pleasure. Facilitating a conversation with the team member to identify why there is apparent disinterest in furthering their career can help identify these barriers and work to find solutions if desired. 

Everyones timeline for growth looks different. Balancing encouragement while not applying too much pressure to the situation can be a difficult feat. Offer opportunities for development, but don’t pressure employees into promotions if they aren’t ready. 

Since the employee is already a valuable member of the team, it’s important that they feel comfortable within the team. Stress from their manager encouraging them to pursue a position that they aren’t interested in can make them more stressed out, resulting in less motivation in their current role. Regardless of whether they want to pursue further advancement, they are still a valuable asset to the team and should feel supported in their journey 

Rather than pushing an employee who isn’t ready into a full leadership role, offer smaller opportunities for increased responsibility. Opportunities such as leading small projects or mentoring new employees can allow them to take on leadership roles on a smaller scale. 

Experience with additional leadership can given them the opportunity to reflect on these opportunities to determine if a leadership role is right for them. Some employees may flourish in these new experiences, further solidifying that they are a right fit for a higher role. Other employees might use this opportunity to recognize this isn’t something they are interested in pursuing. Helping employees to gain additional experience as a leader is a great way for them to reflect on their interest in a more serious leadership 

Employees might need guidance to recognize their full potential. Gaining mentorship can build confidence and skills needed to assume leadership. Directly mentoring the employee or referring them to external mentorship programs are great ways to give them exposure to leaders who have been in their shoes. 

Horizontal mentorship programs can also serve as a great resource. Through horizontal mentorship programs, the team member can chat about issues they encounter in the workplace and any concerns they have about pursuing a higher leadership role. Being able to discuss these hesitations with others going through similar situations and help provide reassurance of capabilities. 

Sarah decided to set-up a one-on-one conversation with Luke for an in depth discussion of his professional goals. During this conversation Luke, shared that his lack of enthusiasm for further advancement stemmed from feeling unprepared for a leadership role. Together, Sarah and Luke devised a plan for Luke to slowly take on more responsibilities within the team to gradually prepare him for leadership roles. Along with this growth plan, they will meet monthly for mentorship chats and tackle any issues Luke encounters. 

Luke might not be ready for a promotion today, but his potential and strong contributions to the team remain. With time, Luke will continue to develop his leadership skills and work with Sarah to achieve the success Sarah knew Luke had potential for. 

Situations of that similar to Luke and Sarahs are a common issue leaders face and don’t have a one-size fits all solution. Some employees are like Luke and need mentorship and growth plans to feel more confident pursuing a leadership role. Other employees may just need time to become more comfortable with the idea of further advancement. While conversations and encouragement for advancement can lead to the pursuit of a leadership position, recognize that everyone’s journey is different and a managers role is to provide support along the way. 

Organizational change is often met with resistance, especially when middle managers aren’t involved in the decision-making process. When significant changes to corporate structure, strategies, or processes are implemented, it can create uncertainty and confusion throughout the firm. As well positioned between executives and employees, middle managers serve as key implementors of these new changes to ensure ease of transition. However, with this responsibility of implementing changes, middle managers can be the most resistant to change as they are also responsible for protecting their team. It is important to communicate effectively with middle management and include them in the process to secure middle management buy-in for these new initiatives. 

It’s natural for middle managers to be resistant to change due to the perceived loss of control and fear of the unknown that arises when large organizational changes occur. Middle managers may worry about adjusting to increased workloads, reporting structures, or new systems. Additionally, there may be concerns about loss of influence from potential positional restructuring. Large changes not only impact middle management but also the teams they oversee adding a layer of concern and reluctance to change. Proactively addressing middle management concerns is crucial in initiating widespread change. 

A key component of generating middle management buy-in when initiating change is through sharing a common vision for the firm. Communicating the new initiatives as a crucial step toward achieving a firm goal can help increase motivation and acceptance. Allowing opportunities for middle management to share their perspectives of firm visions can reduce their reluctance to change as well. Considering where they see the firm progressing and actively incorporating it within these new changes can show the firm values their insights. 

Communicating with middle management to share the vision and steps to initiate change is vital. Transparent and timely communication with middle management can mitigate confusion and continue to empower managers to see the vision. Specifically tailoring communication to middle management to address their questions and concerns will help them be more enthusiastic when implementing these new initiatives. 

2. Empower Middle Management Involvement

Since middle managers play a key role in implementing change throughout the organization, empowering them to get involved in the transition process can increase buy-in. Encouraging middle managers to be part of the decision-making process where possible allows the initiatives to be more tailored to the needs of managers and employees. 

Allowing middle managers to have autonomy on how to implement new changes within their teams can increase their sense of ownership and commitment to the new changes. While increasing middle managers the freedom to implement changes as appropriate for their teams, proper support should be provided for middle managers. Leadership development programs, workshops, mentorship programs, or specific support resources for their team are all great ways to ensure middle managers are prepared to oversee changes. 

3. Feedback Mechanisms 

Establish means for middle managers to share feedback and experiences throughout the process. Seamless two-way communication channels are effective ways to make sure middle managers feel recognized and timely adjustments can be made in response to their concerns. Ensuring someone is responsible for receiving feedback, communicating it with executive leadership, and responding to middle managers is a crucial role in encouraging effective feedback communication. 

While feedback mechanisms help to incorporate middle managers in the change process, there must also be a willingness to make adjustments and consider the feedback. If executives simply have feedback mechanisms to recognize issues but don’t make tangible changes, this can continue to frustrate middle managers and be counterproductive. 

4. Future Steps

Communicating a plan with clear future steps to middle management decreases confusion and increases the ability for them to implement changes consistent with the firm's vision. After a shared vision has been established, inclusion and feedback of middle managers are implemented, ensuring all parties are on the same page going forward will allow for successful implementation. 

Along with these clearly articulated future steps, ensure flexibility within the implementation so middle managers can utilize their best judgment and creative license. Recognize that everything may not go according to plan and be prepared to make adjustments along the way. Maintain momentum to achieve future steps through celebrating short-term goals. Recognizing and tracking progress towards short-term and long-term goals can create excitement for the new initiatives and keep employees engaged. 

Disseminating high-level organizational changes and securing middle management buy-in is crucial for successful implementation. By developing a shared vision, empowering middle managers to get involved, implementing feedback mechanisms, and incorporating a plan for future steps, organizations can reduce resistance to change. Middle managers connect senior leadership and employees, so ensuring their buy-in is pivotal in achieving successful change implementation and long-term success. Within an organization, all employees are united around shared values and goals for organizational prosperity. Ensuring middle managers are engaged and on board with new initiatives is how senior management can effectively implement organizational change.