In many high-stakes negotiations, the ability to swiftly identify common ground can make or break a deal. Whether in business or personal circumstances, negotiation outcomes impact individuals in their everyday lives. In the business world, negotiations may be in contracts or partnerships, and in the personal world, negotiations may appear in large purchases, such as buying a house or car. In either setting, negotiators should prioritize collaboration and potential solutions to both parties' issues.
For many, negotiations can be anxiety-inducing. Many struggle in confrontational settings and because of that, will leave negotiations unsatisfied. Furthermore, negotiations occur at varying levels of complexity and emotional investment from different parties, heavily impacting the nature of the negotiation. Most individuals who struggle in confrontational settings do not see a path to common ground and thus, they will employ an avoidant or accommodating tactic, working to help the other party without fulfilling their own needs. Negotiators should prioritize finding areas of agreement, and common ground to move forward and find solutions. Here are 5 tips for individuals to prioritize finding common ground in negotiations:
- Work to Establish Trust
Creating a trusting relationship is paramount to a mutually beneficial negotiation. Before beginning discussions on the debated points of a negotiation, it is crucial to establish a foundation of mutual trust and respect between parties. In many negotiation settings, trust and relationships can be easily formed or broken. Thus, establishing a trusting relationship will foster a cooperative environment which will enable both parties to be open about their priorities and interests. Most importantly, an open and honest forum creates opportunities for both parties to suggest potential solutions to the topic at hand.
Furthermore, negotiators should work to find a compromise by demonstrating a genuine interest and willingness to actively listen and understand the main concerns of the other party. A respectful and positive attitude can set the tone of the negotiation, leading to more collaborative and cooperative tactics over those that encourage competitiveness or contention. Without the foundation of trust, many negotiations may fall into emotionally charged or tense discussions, hindering future relationships. When both sides feel heard, and cared for and can trust the other party, they are more likely to compromise and find feasible solutions to satisfy each side's interests.
2. Ask Good Questions
Asking questions and using active listening to hear and understand the other party's responses is crucial to finding common ground in a negotiation. The best way to learn from the other party about their concerns or interests is simply to ask them. Asking detailed questions allows either party to clarify and further understand the complexities of the negotiation. When negotiators ask thoughtful questions, they signal a genuine interest in the other party’s perspective.
In asking specific questions to aid in a negotiation, negotiators should aim to find the other party's main interests, priorities, and motivations. After learning the main focuses of the other party, it is much easier to identify areas of potential overlap for solutions or a new way to collaborate for a resolution. Effective negotiators will adapt to alleviate risks or uncertainties in their discussions; asking questions can serve as a tool for clarifying and confirming information already discussed to determine final details or conditions of agreements.
3. Find Shared Goals
When either party has competing interests, identifying a zone of possible agreement is daunting. However, to agree, it is crucial to identify and discuss shared objectives to provide a foundation for collaboration. By focusing on these shared goals, negotiators can steer the conversation toward solutions that benefit both sides. A shift towards mutually beneficial solutions creates the environment necessary to find common ground.
Establishing shared goals fosters collaboration and trust in negotiation settings, enabling parties to discuss and debate individual topics in a more comfortable setting. Additionally, this collaborative mentality allows each party to pause for a moment and consider how they may fulfill the other party's concerns while still satisfying their own.
4. Keep Emotions Under Control
Even in tense or heated discussions, negotiators must manage their emotions. When emotions run high, parties may become defensive or combative in discussion, making it seem difficult to find common ground. By staying calm and composed, negotiators can continue the focus on the areas of discussion to foster a more collaborative and solution-focused environment.
If the opposing party seems to become emotional or upset, collaborative negotiators will practice empathy. In doing so, they may suggest a short recess or change the discussion to a different topic. Sometimes, the best way to find common ground can be by taking a break to reassess and understand the situation.
5. Know When to Walk Away
While the hope in negotiations is to agree, there are many situations in which it may not be possible to find common ground. To recognize these situations, negotiators should come prepared when entering negotiations with set prices or circumstances that are minimally acceptable. Furthermore, negotiators should consider all possible outcomes and alternatives to the negotiation to best strategize their argument and what agreements they may accept.
Finding common ground in negotiations can be challenging. Especially in situations where emotions may drive decision-making and stakes for success seem high, negotiators must work to find common ground. Through building a trusting relationship, and asking thoughtful questions, negotiators can work to understand the other party's position and motivation. Once the other party's reasoning is better understood, negotiators can work to find shared goals, even if each party may have different intentions. After identifying shared goals, negotiators should work to carry out the negotiation while practicing empathy and controlling emotions. By fostering a collaborative atmosphere and prioritizing mutual understanding, negotiators are better equipped to achieve successful outcomes even in high-stakes or emotionally charged situations. In practicing these strategies, negotiators can work to find common ground and areas for mutually beneficial solutions.